Ethnic Relations Essay

ETHNIC RELATIONS PAPER â€Å"We don’t want you here anymore white principal,† (Roberts 2) such misanthropical acts and slanders have been committed against thousands of people, almost every single day, here in the U. S. In fact, there have been many volatile arguments on the constitutional rights of ethnicity. Paul Craig Roberts believes that mass immigration will endanger American society. On the other side of the story is Professor Lipsitz, who believes that we must overcome racial and ethnic boundaries despite differences. Ethnicity has an immense and immeasurable influence on mass immigration, racial and ethnic boundaries, but all this must be condoned when it comes down to ethnic relations. Ethnicity has a significant impact on mass immigration. â€Å"One can make a replica of the joys of traveling and sight-seeing by just walking down neighborhood streets of D. C. Beltway† (Roberts 2). Immigration policies have made considerable changes to the makeup of U. S. residents. Around the years of 1965 the democrats changed immigration laws in hopes that the Asian and Hispanic voters would take part in a ballot in favor of the democrats. This ultimately led to a chain reaction. With this new policy taking place, native-born citizens were becoming â€Å"ethnically cleansed† (Roberts 2). Many of us may view immigrants as contributors to the diverse â€Å"melting pot†, but the melting pot is out of the question when countless new immigrants have higher statuses than those of native-born citizens! The U. S. keeps taking 1. 2 million immigrants annually, but keep in mind that most of the immigrants that enter, are coming in illegally. In this situation, homogeneous culture has ultimately become the victim. Recently a federal judge claimed that out of one hundred new citizens, there was a bare minimum of five true Europeans (Roberts 1). While Robert was still a child and growing, he and many northerners had the greatest respect towards General Robert E. Lee, but a while ago El-Amin, an immigrant, compared General Robert E. Lee to Hitler and had a mural of him removed (Roberts 3). Will the lack of good-will toward the American culture mean that portraits of President George Washington will be removed too? If the accumulation of immigrants can lead to the final end to the American culture, we must tamper with this topic, once more (Roberts 3). Areas by the ocean, merchants sell live crabs, crabs whose heart is still beating and whose brain is still functioning. These merchants display these animals in open barrels. The crabs always try to escape, but no matter what they can’t. As soon as one crab fails, others always still try. When we try to evade sexism, and racism, we usually discover ourselves in a crab’s shoe. We may try as hard as we want, but we will be pulled in the never ending cycle of despair (Lipsitz 1). Many people work to stop such misanthropical crimes. Professor Lipsitz, a teacher at University of California in San Diego, who believes that we must step up and over-look racial minorities, so that we may create a better society. All racialized groups suffer from environmental racism, cancer, lead poisoning, and childhood malnutrition. Many of these people also suffer from unemployment in Asia, Mexico, and Central America. Under these conditions, professor Lipsitz believes we must form inter-ethnic anti-racism as a tactical essential. Alliances across racial boundaries offer some obvious advantages, they produce strength in numbers, and they are more likely to help towards the future. â€Å"Angela Davis points to workers centers like Asian Immigrant Women Advocates, and lives but not just, class, racial, or gender identities. Such centers also protest against domestic violence, legal advice, and divorce† (Lipsitz 2). Because there is no possible way to improve Asian American immigrant workers and because entrepreneurs are often part of the problem, these efforts will automatically lead to inter-ethnic alliances. Inter-ethnic anti-racism enables many aggrieved groups to focus on oppression, and may show that racialized groups are not just at a disadvantage but are being taken advantage of. Inter-ethnic anti-racism is one way we can see the world as another perspective, rather than our false interpretations. The years 2000-2004 have been a critical moment for everyone, of every cultural belonging. In 2001, Al Qaeda launched a sky attack and crashed a plane on the Twin Towers, killing hundreds of innocent people. Soon, the government started to test people, and determine if they work for Al Qaeda. More than half the time, these government officials deport these immigrants due to racism, or fear, and these deportees became the crabs in the barrel. These misanthropical acts have occurred everywhere, not only in the United States of America. Sri Lanka’s ethnic relations are characterized by periodic disharmony. Since independence, estranged relations between the Sinhalese and the Tamils have continued in the political arena. Intensifying grievances of the latter group against the Sinhalese-dominated governments culminated in the late 1970s in a demand by the Tamil United Liberation Front, the main political party of that community, for an independent Tamil state comprising the northern and eastern provinces. This demand grew increasingly militant and eventually evolved into a separatist war featured by acts of terrorism. The violence to which the Tamils living in Sinhalese-majority areas were subjected in 1983 contributed to this escalation of the conflict. The secessionist demand itself has met with resistance from the other ethnic groups. As long as people have a jealous attitude or behavior, than this ethnic issue could reach out of hand. Literature writer Alan Paton wrote a book called, â€Å"Cry, the Beloved Country†. This book is about a story of Stephen Kumalo and his son Absalom set against the background of a land and people driven by racial injustice. â€Å"Because the white man has power, we too want power† (Paton 70). As long as people have this mentality, injustice will throb in each and every person, like a beating heart. Ethnicity varies from person to person. One may be racist towards a group, but no matter the condition anything of this matter must be condoned. When we forget our differences and unite, nothing can stop us from achieving desirable goals. Our world is an imperfect place, and one could throw bricks and stones in many different directions, as even towards a group of people. There are those who believe immigrants consist entirely of destruction, but the problem is that there is no possible way to assume each and every type of ethnic issues that man can devise. There is a truth to the statement that any variable affects another. If you look determinedly enough, you will find that any variable affects the behavior to something that is being examined. One must be able to skim over what is important and what is not relevant to the problem, in this case ethnic relations. Ethnicity should be condoned when it creates a problem or a disturbance in any matter, important or minor.

Life stage

Psychodrama counseling and therapy Involves a number of Important elements, which perhaps Is what makes the psychodrama approach more and more interesting to those who go on developing in their work. (E. G.Erik Erosion's work on life stages and the object relation theory) While in no sense wishing to undervalue the importance of basic listening and responding skills, nor the centrality of a positive therapeutic relationship, the ongoing experience of working with people leads to more and more thirst for understanding how and why different personalities unction differently, why people think, feel and behave the way they do (Jacobs Michael, 1998). – Consider deleting the above.Our experiences and the world around us daily confront us with the fact that effects have causes. Erosion's work on the theory of psychosocial stages of development and Melanie Kelvin's contributions in the Object Relations Theory will be focus of my discussion In the first part of this work. Erikson empha sizes that personality develops in a predetermined order and build upon previous stages of development – the epigenetic principle. He holds that the ego successfully develops when it is able to strictly resolve problems that are socially related.With Klein, the early stages of life are very strategic in the nature of the child's unconscious phantasm visit-a-visit its interaction with the world of reality. This period, she holds, forms the basis for the later development of more complex states of mental life. Erik Erosion's Theory of Life Stages While Freud puts great emphasis on the id and its conflicting interaction with the superego, Erikson talks about the ego and its interaction with the socio-cultural environment. Erosion's model is a combination of â€Å"psychosocial† and â€Å"psychosocial† elements.There can sometimes be an attempt to overcome the human tendency to mistake what can be submitted to established techniques for the true nature of things. â⠂¬â€œ Consider deleting. In his opinion, healing always calls for a holistic attitude that does not argue with established factors but to attempt to Include them In a wider context of some enlightening quality. (Erikson Erik, Erosion's historical experiences Influenced his assumption that â€Å"a human being's existence depends at every moment on three necessary and complementary processes† (Erikson, 1997).These processes are: The biological process – the functional connectivity of the efferent organs that constitute the human body (soma). The psychic process – the function of the psyche which Is responsible for the Individual's experience In the form of the ego synthesis (psyche) and, The communal process – which is about the cultural organization of the interdependence of persons (ethos). There is a symphony among these processes that bring about holistic human event. Hence, any form of failure or the isolation of any one part of the three processes res ults in somatic tension.In view of the indispensability this Interdependence – the organisms principle, Erikson maintains that the process Is Inevitable grounding of the In his description, epigenetic refers to the probability that all growth and development follow analogous patterns. In the epigenetic sequence of development, each organ has its time of origin. (Erikson, 1997) According the epigenetic principle, we develop through a predetermined unfolding of personality, which occurs in eight stages. This principle emphasizes the importance of each organ developing properly at the appropriate stage.He writes that (Erikson, 1997) â€Å"If the organ misses its time of ascendancy, it is not only doomed as an entity, it endangers at the same time the hole hierarchy of organs, â€Å"Not only does the arrest of a rapidly budding part tend to suppress its development temporarily, but the premature loss of supremacy to some other renders it impossible for the suppressed part to co me again into dominance so that it is permanently modified. † Improper development gives rise to detrimental situations. For instance, it could force a child into adulthood.One idea that calls to mind here is the sometimes misapplication of the concept of â€Å"responsible person† in some societies. Children are passively or actively forced to take up great responsibilities which, given their extent f experience and maturity, are not befitting of their age. Thus, the natural process of psychic development is truncated. The possible consequence of such a marred process, lacking in the right support or experience, is maladaptive behavior patterns or malignant behaviors.In a normal physical and emotional development, the individual is faced with tasks that generate in them a trust-mistrust way of relating to their environment. Erikson argues that a balanced form of learning rests on how, say the trust-mistrust elements are managed by the ego. He holds that (Erikson, 1997), â€Å"How, after birth, the maturing organism continues to unfold, by growing playfully and by developing a prescribed sequence of physical, cognitive, and social capacities- all that is described in the literature of child development †¦ If properly guided, can be trusted to conform to the epigenetic laws of development as they now create a succession of potentialities for significant interaction with a growing number of individuals and with the mores that govern them†. Hence, the individual stands the chance of growing psychologically stronger insofar as they are given the appropriate support at each stage of development by the key persons. Erosion's psychosocial theory considers the impact of external factors, like parents and the society, has on personality development from childhood to adulthood.Every person must pass through a series of eight interrelated stages over the entire life cycle. 1. Infancy: 0-18 Months Old/Trust versus Mistrust. The right amount of feed ing and care is pretty much the determinant factor at this stage. Erikson emphasizes that if the infant is well fed and cared for, it will develop a healthy balance between trust and mistrust. This however excludes over-indulgence mistrust. On the other hand, infants who grow up to trust are more able to hope and eve faith that ‘things will generally be okay'. 2. Muscular – Anal: 18 Months-arrears: Autonomy v Shame.At this stage, a sense of independence of thought, basic confidence to think and act for oneself begins to generate. During this stage the well-cared for child is sure of himself and self-esteems himself in a positive light as against withdrawing into himself in shame. At this stage, defiance, temper, tantrums, and stubbornness can also appear. At this period, children tend to be vulnerable. Besides being shrouded in shame, they are also impacted upon by low self-esteem if they become aware of their inability to learn certain skills. Locomotors: 3-6 Years â⠂¬â€œ Initiative versus Guilt. At this stage the child develops a sense of responsibility which increases their ability to use their initiative. During this stage they experience the desire to copy the adults around them and take initiative in creating play opportunities. They also start to explore the world around them, asking the â€Å"why-questions†. Guilt and sense of inferiority result from being admonished or when there is a belief that something is wrong or likely to attract disapproval. At this stage the relationship with the family is very significant. 4.Latency: 6-12 Years – Industry versus Inferiority. Here, the child develops the capability of learning social skills that the society requires of them. There is a strong desire to acquire numerous new skills and to acquire knowledge, which helps them to develop industriously. If for any reason there is stagnation, the child may experience feelings of inadequacy and inferiority among their peers. They can have serious problems in terms of competence and self esteem. Here competency is the virtue to strike the balance. 5. Adolescence: 12-18 Years- Identity versus Role Confusion.In adolescence, some form of conflict between struggling to belong to a particular group, being accepted ND affirmed by the group, exists in young people, amidst the desire to also become individuals. This in itself is a big dilemma for them. It is mostly in the early part of this stage that pubic consciousness sets in. 6. Young Adult: 19-30 Years: Intimacy versus Isolation. Young adulthood is the middle stage of adolescence and the concern at this stage of development centers around issues of independence from parental influence, and moving towards autonomy and self-direction.There is also the desire for economic independence. Hence, in order to chart a career path, striving to make the most of homeless in the best possible way. 7. Middle Adult 30-65 Years: Generatively versus Stagnation. The adult person concern a t this stage is to embark on projects that will outlast him; leaving legacies could be having children or establishing projects that will benefit others in the society. It can be making one's mark in the scheme of affairs in the world. Simply, it is to make better the world around us by actively caring for others according to one's capability.Generative feelings contrast with those of stagnation in that in the latter, the individual think of themselves as unproductive and uninvolved in the world round them. Stagnation evokes feelings of disconnect with their environment and failure to improve their life or the society in which the live. Thus, it is a stage whereby to find a sense of purpose and identity informs every experimentation that the adult embarks on. In sum, it is a lasting self image-making adventurous stage in life and in some ways, linkable with the first stage. 8. Maturity/Late Adulthood 65-Death: Ego Integrity versus Despair.This is the stage of stock taking of how one lived their life. It is a moment when thoughts of a productively lived life are rewarded with feelings of fulfillment and integrity on count of one's industrious involvements in the world around them. Or it could be a time of regret and despair for misused opportunities upon reflecting on their experiences and failures. Those who feel proud about themselves indicate they have lived accomplished life hence they associate integrity and satisfaction to themselves. Not having much to regret about their life, they can attain wisdom even when confronting death.The unaccomplished person will feel they have wasted their lifetime and are thus left in bitterness and despair. Nonetheless, these stages are however not set in stone. Though certain issues are nonfood to a particular stage, some others which seem to be pertinent to particular periods can surface at any other time. They are not always resolved by passing through the one stage alone. They could sometimes remain a concern throughout life. Jacobs Michael 1998) OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY: In Fraud's psychoanalysis, the term, â€Å"object† is employed to designate the target of all drives.The object in Fraud's view is a means through which gratification can either be obtained or denied. Object in Fraud's psychology is secondary for the reason that it does not form part of the constitutive nature of drives. But with Melanie Klein, elation's to object are very central to her psychoanalysis, for in her views, it constitutes the fabric of the self. In her contributions in the object relations theory, she explains the nature of the child's unconscious phantasm concerning its mother's â€Å"inside†, which is populated by varieties of organs and babies.She argues that this phantasm is carried on in earlier months of life, but at this time, it is about the child's â€Å"inside† or its internal presence which is populated by body parts substances and people etc. As development progresses, the child's exp eriences with objects in its environment and significant there are internally represented in images. According to Stephen A. Mitchell, (1981, 2), Klein holds that the state of one's internal object world forms the basis of their relations with internal and external objects, as well as the drives, closely bound together, constitute the crucial determinant of the most important psychical process.Klein argues that internal objects are inherent in the child and prior to experience. As development progresses the child's images of objects gradually take on aspects of the real object they represent in the world. The desire to find the real representation f these earliest internal images in relation to a child's environment informs its loving or hateful drives. Klein posits a somewhat similar idea of death instinct in further explanation of the inherent, fantastic early object, as does Freud. She argues that, immediately following birth, the child feels within itself, a threat to its life a nd this must take place if it is to survive.This is seen in the cry which a child gives off at birth. She holds that the child's first experience of an object in the internal or external world at this point grows out of perceptual misinterpretation of some foreign object whose purpose is to annihilate the child. This sort of experience, Klein explains, accounts for subsequent frustration of bodily needs, physical sensations, tension and discomfort in life. Conversely, pleasurable sensations are attributed to good forces. Klein holds that a child has no sense of self or any rational mind, amidst huge and unmediated feelings.The mother is psychologically the child's ego and the means of dealing with these feelings. She argues that (1957, 248), â€Å"†¦ The infant has an innate unconscious awareness of the existence of the mother this instinctual knowledge s the basis for the infant's primal relation to his mother. † Hence, having a great mother has a huge impact on the wel lbeing and development of the child, as well as its psychosis later in life. In contrast to Fraud's emphasis on the intra-psychic conflict of sexual drives, Klein, emphasis is on the breast.For her, the object of the mother- baby relationship is all about the breast. In place of libidinal drives, she posits aggressive drives as the force of the object of a child's relations to its creating environment. Thus, the breast is no less an object for the child as do its mother and father. Object relations theory is largely maternal in approach because it stresses the foundational impact of the intimacy and nurturing of the mother on the child. The relations aspect of Kelvin's theory points to the nature of the structure of interpersonal relationships.This structure can be usefully employed in exploring and tracing what and how experiences might be the cause of present psychosis. â€Å"CAN WE EVER LEAVE THE PAST BEHIND†? The relationship between the present and the past is a fascinat ing one. The idea that the past influences the present can be argued for based on the principle of cause and effect. According to Jacob Michael (1998) â€Å"Older philosophical thinking used this as one of the arguments for the existence of God: that wherever there is an effect, there must be a cause; since behind every cause there must be another, this sequence extends into infinity until the prime cause is reached†. Occasional allusions to insights of some psychologists At a very general level, in the human society is indubitable that civic policies and laws take their shape and form from experiences of the past. Much so, it is with human behavior in all its complexities. Past experiences can act as stabilizing and purporting scripts influence on the trajectory of a present lifestyle. The extent to which this is exclusively true cannot be wholly guaranteed, however.It may also be that suppressing past conflicts is much more pragmatic for some others, and presents a rather f luid ways of managing the present, only that such approach leaves one a prisoner of an unresolved past until it is attended to. It is worth noting that, however one decides to suppress the past, certain events in the present will somehow unravel it. The bereavement experiences of a friend whose mother passed away is one of many examples that calls to mind which demonstrates that past experiences impact on present. Rose, the first child and only sister of five brothers developed a strong bond with her mother.The mother, for her represented her other self. Hence, she was an integral part of Rose development as a human being. The extent of the relationship was such that, now that her mother is no more, Rose finds life rather â€Å"meaningless and worthless to live†. From our discussions, I can deduce and summaries her feelings thus, â€Å"The pillar on which she leant, having now fallen, portends a threat or imaginable discomfort to her continued existence. † Two points s eemed operative in the deep bonding that Rose had with her late mother.First, she is the only daughter and had been taught by her mother on how to be domesticated as is generally and proudly the natural character of African women. As a hardworking and industrious woman her mother remained a model for her. Secondly, to be a first child in the African setting, one gradually develops a sense of responsibility to looking after their younger ones. Of course, Rose as a social being needed to relate and share with someone with whom she found compatible. She was more naturally inclined towards her mother, being the only woman in the family. Though she has friends, her mother was top in her list.She grew to understand what it meant to be loved, supported and to be a responsible woman from her mother. Now that her heroine is no more, Rose is at the stage where she feels an abysmal hollow in her life such that deflecting its impact and projecting her mother's fugue into her environment is inde ed a struggle, having recognized that, she nevertheless, has to find a way to continue to live. How to make best of the â€Å"here and now' is a challenge that confronts her. Thus, to break away from the deeply grafted emotional attachment to her mother is indeed a huge challenge.Thus, on the question of â€Å"can we ever leave the past behind†, and based on the instances of Rose's present condition, I will state that it is somewhat of a difficult a thing to do, depending on how our relationship is impacting on us at a given time. Discussions that we had, I kept the principle of â€Å"triangle of insight† in view while making my inputs Just so that a possible link might be made between the developmental patterns of the images of her internal and those of her external oral; the past and the present. No matter what the content of our past is, it is well worth our while to approach it with an open mind.This can either help us to understand how our past consciously or unc onsciously interferes with our present or how to make best of a not-so-good condition. Rose understands that she needs to get on with life. It is the how of it that is the real task. She needs facing the inevitable with confidence and with a degree of mental and physical independence. Hence, she needs embarking on resolving her past by taking up the tough task of emotional attachment from her late intimate friend, less her physical discomfort in all its forms persist and her instinct for life remains threatened.From Rose's story, I gathered that her mother represented more of a trust figure, while others were somewhat of mistrust figures. She experienced a great deal of protection from her late mother that she so thought of herself as being fragile. Rose's intimacy with her mother appeared not to have given her the opportunity to develop a much healthier relationship with her peers (Erikson). That being the case, she is now faced with the challenge of establishing a trusting relatio nship with others.As much as she cherishes the memory of her mother, she must be careful not to allow her qualities have an overbearing effect on her inevitable adventure, less it will be difficult to establish the degree of trust that her moving on in life needs. Conclusion: The past is in some way informative of who we are, how and why we relate to others the way we do. And so, looking into the past is very necessary but we need to be careful as not to become stuck in it or too Judgmental about ourselves or past history; for there is always something to take from the past in order to meaningfully chart the resent course of life.Rose can only come to terms with the fact that her mother is no more, it is impossible that she will leave her memories and friendship behind. On the basis of the foregoing instances, my position is that it is impossible to completely leave the past behind. Klein, Melanie, (1957) ‘Our Adult World and its Roots in Infancy in Envy and Gratitude and Othe r Works, London: Hogwash, Mitchell, Stephen, (1981), The Origin and Nature of the â€Å"Object† in the Theories of Klein and Birdbrain. Contempt. Psychoanalyst. 17: 74-398, Accessed June 06, 2014, g:mom.

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Critical Evaluation of Supply Chain Design, Management and Resource Essay

Critical Evaluation of Supply Chain Design, Management and Resource Planning at Kraft Foods - Essay Example The company was founded in 1923. Previously, this company had focused on the industry of ice creams in North America and expanded the organisation to enter the dairy market. Kraft Foods basically produces various delicious foods according to the demand and the mood of the consumers and the company also promises a superior quality of the produced food. Kraft Foods has recently took over Cadbury and the company has an objective to spread its businesses all over the world. Kraft Foods is one of the most well known company which deals in branded beverages and foods. It is the largest food manufacturing organisation in the United States, and the second largest organisation in the world within the food manufacturing industry (Kraft Foods, 2011). In the study the major objective would be to highlight and to critically evaluate the various operational functions of Kraft Foods, and their importance in accruing a better competitive advantage. The study also involves the Enterprise Information System (EIS) and its critical evaluation to analyse the knowledge management system of the company. The paper would also include recommendations to support the argument along with conclusion (Kraft Foods, 2011). Discussion Critical Evaluation of the Organisation’s Operational Management Structures and Systems in Relation to the Theoretical Principles, Concepts, Models/Framework Kraft Foods ensures a good and effective operational segment within the organisation. The company has focused on the quality, the design, and the effectiveness of the products produced by the organisation. Alike every other company, Kraft Foods also has certain operational functions, which help the company to gain a growth in the market as well as help to achieve a competitive advantage. The various operational areas involve product and service design, product quality, capacity planning, inventory control, resource planning and supply chain management (Kraft Foods, 2011). Product and Service Design Pro duct and service design are few of the most important areas in operational activities of a company. Product and service, these are the two important factors which link an organisation to its customers. Designing a product is the process of generating new ideas to create a new product and it depends upon the needs and the demands of the customers. Product design involves certain steps, such as, design brief, specification of the design, designing the concept, testing, designing the detail, further testing, manufacturing and sales. Each and every organisation generally follows these steps. Similar to product design, service design is also an important factor in organisational operations. Service design is the process of innovation of a new product or improving the existing product for making them more usable for the customers. The major goal of the service oriented companies is to design their service properly before delivering it to the customers, and it is also important to provide after sale service to the consumers (Moritz, 2005). Kraft Foods also ensures a good product and servi

Surveillance Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Surveillance Technology - Essay Example ⠁  Before delving into the issue of surveillance technology, it is first necessary to properly define the term â€Å"surveillance.† My understanding of the word is the monitoring of an individual or group of people for the purpose of preventing or correcting a crime. It is an important element of law enforcement to be able to keep abreast of real-time developments and movements in the public sphere. Prior to the usage of cameras and video surveillance, manual observers would need to be placed in the relevant areas. While it is important to maintain a human presence to deter crime, it is also unfeasible to be able to see everything all the time in that area. Hence it is a complementary and necessary policy to use surveillance technology. It is also important to be able to monitor more discreet elements such as odors, trace explosive materials or radiation in public areas. Surveillance technology plays a major role in this regard. Perhaps the advancement of surveillance technology from the twentieth century onwards is best shown though the rapid development of video surveillance. Cameras are used to survey traffic and to prevent and detect crime. In Britain, over 4 million closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras are in use while the United States Border Patrol spent US$64 million on remote video systems (Aresty, 2006)⠁  . Wilkerson explains that true video surveillance began in the 1960s with the introduction and application of closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras (Wilkerson, 2008)⠁   by law enforcement agencies. From there, analog technology continued to develop influence surveillance techniques. Video cassette recorders allowed preservation of evidence and from the 1970s onwards businesses prone to theft mounted CCTV cameras on their premises both as a deterrent and as a tool to apprehend thieves. In family court cases, video evidence of adultery and poor parenting decided the outcomes of cases. Analog technology reached its

Mandatory Questions and Answers Essay Example for Free

Mandatory Questions and Answers Essay Outline the guidelines, procedures and codes of practice relevant to personal work? (1.1.1) Follow a set routine so you don’t make any mistakes. Confidentiality. Explain the purpose of planning work, and being accountable to others for own work? (1.1.2) Throughout the day I will always find out what job is the most important for me to do first and do my other work afterwards. Any delay in the important jobs could impact on someone else’s work e.g. (Every hour we have to go online and collect VBS’s for the drivers otherwise they cannot get on the docks to empty or load their container which delays them from their next job meaning it impacts on their work. ) Explain the purpose and benefits of agreeing realistic targets for work? (1.1.3, 1.1.4) It gives a good working practice and gives you something to aim for. Describe types of problems that may occur during work and how would you seek assistance in resolving problem? (1.1.8, 1.1.9) Part of my job is dealing with POD’s and it is important that I chase for outstanding ones otherwise we cannot prove the delivery of container was made which could delay payment or some other issues like insurance claims. Explain the purpose and benefits of recognising and learning from mistakes? (1.1.10) One of the mistakes I have done could have lost the company money but luckily it didn’t. The way I have learnt from this is because I wasn’t very careful but now I take more precautions e.g. checking twice when sending out invoices so I don’t send it to the wrong person. Explain the purpose and benefits of agreeing and setting high standards for own work? (1.2.1, 2.1.1) The benefits for setting high standards for your own work means that it is always done to the best of your ability. Describe ways of setting high standards for work? (1.2.2) * Making goals and sticking to them. * Writing a list of what needs to be done. * Aiming to do certain things by a certain time/day. Explain the purpose and benefits of taking on new challenges if they arise? (1.2.3) It means I get to learn more about the company and interact with everyday tasks; I will be more involved and have a lot more options. Accounts, POD’s and traffic sheets are some examples of what I would do which also gives me more option in the future. Explain the purpose and benefits of adapting to change? (1.2.4) Sometimes change can make things more efficient and easier to complete tasks. Explain the purpose and benefits of treating others with honesty, respect and consideration and what types of behaviour show this and what ones don’t? (1.2.5, 1.2.7) Good behaviour * Friendly * Considerate * Confident Bad behaviour * Being unmotivated * Refusing to do work * Being cold towards other employees Explain why behaviour in the workplace is important? (1.2.6) Being friendly to others makes it a comfortable and relaxing atmosphere to work in meaning there are no uncomfortable and awkward moments so you can enjoy being at work. Explain the purpose and benefits of encouraging and accepting feedback from others? (2.1.2) Shows you where your good and bad flaws are and what you can improve on. Explain how learning and development can improve own work, benefit organisations and identify career options? (2.1.3) It can improve your own knowledge and make you understand your job role better. Describe possible career progression routes and development opportunities? (2.1.4, 2.1.5) I could possibly work in a bank or something with accounting as an option which would be a potentially good career or I could stay in this area of work. Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? (3.1.1) Diversity refers to the fact that we are all different. Diversity should be appreciated and valued because nobody is the same as anyone else. Describe how to treat other people in a way that is sensitive to their needs? (3.1.2) You should be kind and be caring towards people. Look out for their needs as you would like them to look out for yours. Treat others how you would like to be treated. Describe how to treat people in a way that respects their abilities, background, values, customs and beliefs? (3.1.3) Don’t judge anyone by their race, religion systems, mental capabilities, physical appearance. Get to know them before you take judgement on them. Describe ways in which it’s possible to learn from others at work? (3.1.4) You can watch how they act with certain people e.g. you learn different mannerisms and personalities. Describe the purpose and benefits of maintaining security and confidentiality at work, what are the company and legal requirements and how do you deal with any concerns? (3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.2.4) Confidential information is only allowed to be looked at by your employer and other staff but not to be discussed outside of work as this could breach your contract. Explain the purpose of keeping waste to a minimum? (3.3.1, 3.5.2) It is better for the environment. Describe the main causes of waste that may occur in a business environment? (3.3.2) I would say paper is the most common cause of waste the business as there is so much information to take down, re-write and make notes. It is all recycled though. Describe ways to keep waste to a minimum? (3.3.3, 3.5.1, 3.5.2) Recycle and reuse. Identify ways of using technology to reduce waste? (3.3.4) * Shredder * Moving paper files on to the computer * Using a compost pot for wasted food Outline the purpose and benefits of recycling and what are your organisational procedures? (3.3.5, 3.3.6) Reduces carbon footprint and pollution Describe the benefits and procedures and organisational procedures for the recycling and disposal of hazardous materials? (3.4.1, 3.4.2) The benefits of recycling can be extremely beneficial to all different things. The only hazardous object we have that we recycle is the toner from our printer and it goes when a man picks it up to recycle and give to a charity. Explain reasons for knowing the purpose of communication? (4.1.1) The purpose of communication is to understand each other and connect. Communication is the means in which information is circulated. Explain the reasons for knowing the audience to whom the communication is being presented? (4.1.2) You modify your presentation style to suit the audience so you get optimum results. Describe the best methods of communication and when to use them? (4.1.3, 4.1.4) 1. In person – for an immediate response to your question/query 2. Telephone – when you are not near the person you wish to receive information but would like a quick response. 3. Email – when you are replying to a request and need to send them something or when you need something sent to you. Identify different sources of information that may be used when preparing written communication? (4.2.1) Websites on the internet, a dictionary and previous correspondents could be used to prepare written communication. Describe the communication principles for using electronic forms of written communication in a business environment? (4.2.2) It is environmentally friendly and easier to use. Describe the reasons for using language that suits the purpose of written communication? (4.2.3) You use different languages to address the matter in the right context for example; informal or formal letters/emails. Describe ways of organising, structuring and presenting written information so it meets the needs of the audience? (4.2.4) PowerPoint presentations can be very good for presenting and gives you a lot of room for information. You can use a wide range of different effects that make the information look more interesting. Describe ways of checking for the accuracy of written information and the purpose of accurate use of grammar, punctuation and spelling? (4.2.5, 4.2.6) If you are using the computer you can use spell check on almost any document to make your grammar correct. Explain what is meant by plain English, and why it is used? (4.2.7) Plain English is a general term for communication styles that emphasise clarity, brevity and the avoidance of technical language. The intention is to write in a manner that is easily understood by its target audience: appropriate to their reading skills and knowledge, clear and direct, free of clichà © and unnecessary jargon. Explain the need to proofread and check written work? (4.2.8) In case you have made any mistakes or your work doesn’t make sense. Explain how to identify work that is important and work that is urgent? (4.2.9) Urgent means as soon as possible and important means take a little more time and care over it but do it quickly. Describe organisational procedures for saving and filing written communications? (4.2.10) We scan all the documents so there is always a back up file on the computer and then we file the paperwork into a folder and archive. Describe ways to verbally present information and ideas clearly? (4.3.1) Use number points, examples and be clear when presenting information. Explain ways of making contributions to discussions that help move them forward? (4.3.2) Always ask questions, recap information and listen carefully.

Captain John Smith Essay Example for Free

Captain John Smith Essay I am honored for having the opportunity to travel to the Okapaka Islands. As an Ambassador of America, I found that this trip was of utmost importance. The journey was long for it had been insisted to travel by vessel. After making port on Auckland Island in the Webling Bay, I boarded an outlandish dory with a native as skipper. The voyage was a bit unsettling for my stomach yet remarkable for my eyes. The water cleared of pollutants as we neared the desolate island. As we approached the makeshift dock, I could make out figures gathering long the shoreline. Upon my arrival from sea, the natives greeted me by thumping there chest twice with a closed fist. What I had first though as a sign of aggression I found out was, in fact, there way of greeting my captain and me. As I took my first steps onto their red sand shoreline, they proceeded to thump their chests. A man ornamented in ostrich feathers stepped forward and proceed to click his tongue at different intervals; this I assumed was how they talked. Even with a language barrier, I followed this man and his faction into their village.The reaction from these inhabitants overwhelmed me. Without even knowing me, they welcomed me into their homes and their families. I can distinctly recall the children of the village running around trying to catch a single gaze at the new comer that was me. This young boy, no older than ten, ran up to me and smiled. It was astonishing to witness firsthand; I had never thought I could ever witness something this heart touching from a complete stranger. They held a ceremony the night of my arrival. The whole village and I gathered around an enormous hearth and garnished me in an array of furs. I was surprised again by having them shower me with red sand from the shoreline. A timeworn elder stepped forward onto the hearth with his arms raised. It was easy to observe that he was well beyond the age most hope to live. He began speaking in a rhythmic way that had everyone’s attention. I caught myself leaning forward eager by his words. This was the moment I knew these people needed to visit our struggling nation. We have long lost the little things we once had. These men and women and children might hold the ke y to righting our nation, and possibly the world. They managed to preserve their culture, their beliefs, and their lives among all these other countries that have forgotten where they came from.

Biometric Identification

Biometric Identification BIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION Introduction The escalating threat of global terrorism and narcoterrorism in the twenty-first century has generated massive changes in the identification of suspected criminals. One of the technological highlights in this regard has been biometric identification. Biometrics refers to the science of identifying human being by analyzing biological traits or physical characteristics (Bolle, 2004). This paper describes the most widely-used forms of biometric identification and presents the advantages and disadvantages of each. Advantages and Disadvantages of Biometric Systems Biometric identification is an automated method used to recognize a person based on behavioral or physiological characteristics (Tipton Krause, 2004). Behavioral characteristics include voice or handwriting. Physiological characteristics include fingerprint, iris, or hand geometry. 1. Fingerprint analysis The most commonly known biometric system is a the fingerprint analysis (Bolle, 2004). The principle here is that each individuals set of fingerprints is unique. This method requires a user to place his or her finger onto a reader. The persons fingerprint is scanned and sent to a database where it will be compared, identified, and verified. Fingerprint technology is widely used today in law enforcement, banking, and in merchandising. The biggest strength of this method is its high accuracy and low incidence of false acceptance and its low cost. However, fingerprint technology is said to have a high false rejection rate (where valid users are incorrectly rejected access). Sometimes, the technology does not recognize accurately in case of hand trauma, age, or disease. 2. Hand geometry The hand geometry identification method is the second most commonly used biometric tool (Jain, Ross, Pradhakar, 2004). Basically, it analyzes finger length and the edge of a hand. Hand biometric requires a person to place his or her hand on the device which has pegs to lay the hand on. When the hand is put properly in place, the device scans and checks the database for identification or verification. While the hand biometric device is easy to integrate, use, and can even work despite dirty hands, the technology is expensive, has low accuracy level, cannot read when hand is injured or has suffered from trauma, or when a person has arthritis. 3. Retina technology The concept is that it is practically impossible to counterfeit a human retina. The scanner analyzes capillary vessels situate in the back of the eye. Retina biometrics requires the person to place his or her eye close to a scanner and as the device scans, to focus on a specific point while being still (Jain, Ross, Pradhakar, 2004). The process takes 10-15 minutes. Retina technology has a very high accuracy rate. However, it is a sensitive process, expensive, and quite uncomfortable for those who wear glasses. 4. Voice technology Voice biometrics analyzes the pitch or tone of a persons voice. Voice biometrics fall into two categories: voice recognition and speech recognition. Voice recognition analyzes quality of the voice while speech recognition interprets what a person says (Jain, Ross, Pradhakar, 2004). The advantages of this system is that is it non-invasive and not susceptible to error due to a cold. However, its accuracy may be compromised with the presence of acoustics in the room and increased age. Conclusion Biometric identification includes methods such as fingerprint technology, hand geometry, retina analysis, and voice recognition. Although biometric identification is undeniably cutting edge technology, there are disadvantages present that is inherent with any modern technological systems. References Bolle, R. (2004). Guide to biometrics. New York: Springer. Jain, A. K., Ross, A., Prabhakar, S. (eds.) (2004). An introduction to biometric recognition. In IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology (14th ed.). New York: Springer. Tipton, H. K. Krause, M. (eds.) (2004). Information security management handbook. New York: CRC Press.

An American Epidemic :: essays research papers

An American Epidemic In modern times, nobody who reads the newspapers or watches television can avoid the chilling fate that our country faces. School violence is a rapidly growing trend in America, and it seems to be there is nothing we can do to stop it. The offenders are from all races and social classes. They range from the high school hero to the high school dropout. It often seems the only thing they have in common is an utter disregard for their own life and the lives of others. In the following accounts, taken straight from American headlines, harrowing events fit for blockbuster fiction prove that our country is becoming victim to a new criminal: youthful rage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In generations past, the high school rebel was the boy all the girls wanted and all the boys wanted to be. He was the one in the leather jacket who went to class only to make snide remarks, drove too fast, and talked too slow. Jump forward to the end of the twentieth century, and the high school rebel is the boy who students ignore, the one who sits in the back of the classroom and never talks, wears all black and keeps to himself. He is the last student anyone would fear, but probably the most dangerous. He doesn’t want to take advantage of those who are smaller than him, but wants to seek vengeance on those who have hurt him, basically everyone. He, in fact, is sometimes a she.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of course, offenders can’t be classified into one group. Many times it is the last person you would ever imagine. That is the way it happened for Chester Jackson, a Detroit high school football star. Chester was a seventeen-year-old hero, a senior who had reached godlike status due to his work for the school football team. But if you ask his high school friends of their memories of Chester, they will not remember him running down the football field, but running down the hall, trying to save his own life. Like so many students, Chester found it amusing to tease the underclassmen. Particularly a fourteen-year-old freshman boy that was unable to defend himself when Chester and his friends pushed him in his own locker and secured the combination lock for three consecutive classes. That was the event they say made the boy snap. He brought a gun to school the next day, and even with all of his football training, Chester could not run fast enough to save his own li fe.

Malcolm X Essay -- History

Malcolm X Malcolm X, a civil rights leader in the 1960's believed that blacks and whites should be segregated. He also believed that white man was evil and were trying to brainwash all blacks and that Martin Luther King's "non-violent protests" weren't working and that violence was needed for change. Malcolm X's life was a life with a lot of conflict and violence in it. Malcolm X was born under the name of Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. His father was a baptist minister and an outspoken follower of Marcus Garvey, the black nationalist leader of the 1920s who preached that all blacks should leave the US and go back to Africa. While Malcolm's father was away and Malcolm's mother was pregnant with Malcolm, a group of KKK members came to their house and told Mrs. Little to send out her husband. She came out of the house and stood where all the KKK could see that she was pregnant and told them that Mr. Little was in Milwaukee preaching. The KKK, disappointed, shouted threats and told them to leave town. After this they broke every window in the Little's home and left. When Mr. Little came home and heard what happened, he decided to move as soon a Malcolm was born to Lansing, Michigan. Here was where Malcolm's father died at the hand of the Black Legion (X 4-! 13). After Malcolm's father's death, his mother who had to take care of eight children and endure threats from the KKK, suffered a nervous breakdown. As a result, Malcolm and his siblings were taken by the welfare department. Malcolm was later enrolled in a reform school and did very well grade wise. He was the best student in his class and wanted to become a lawyer. When the school heads heard about this, they sent a person to talk to Malcolm. This person told and convinced Malcolm that he was black and that he could never become a lawyer because of it. As a result, he dropped out of after the eighth grade and moved to Boston, Massachusetts where he worked several different jobs. Soon, Malcolm became associated in a gang and sold and used drugs, and was involved in many other criminal activities. His gang "career" ended when he got into some trouble due to a bet with the gang leader. Since the gang wanted Malcolm killed, Malcolm hid for a while. Soon, Malcolm decid! ed to rob a house which he heard had a lot of valuables in it. Soon one night, he robbed the house, but was ca... ...e didn't believe the peaceful protests worked. Malcolm believed that violence was the only way through which change would take place. Finally, Malcolm disagreed with Mr. King in the fact that Malcolm wanted to segregate blacks and whites and create a separate place for the blacks to live in while Mr. King wanted to end segregation and have blacks and whites live peacefully. My opinions toward Malcolm X's beliefs are that I disagree with most of what he said. I believe that what he taught was teaching hatred. I also believe that he set the civil rights movement back because he "un-did" everything Mr. King stood for and did. I also disagree with his idea of usage of violence because I don't believe it solves or is the answer to anything. Finally, I believe his ideas towards white men being "devils" and "evil" seem to be unjustified. I say unjustified because many white men tried to join both the OAAU and the Nation of Islam, were denied. My logic is that if the white men were evil, why would they try to join them and help them? Although I disagree with most of Malcolm's X's beliefs, I do agree that all Blacks should join and become unified, because in unity, there is power.

Models In Therapeutic Recreation Services Health And Social Care Essay

Curative Recreation seeks to advance the capacity and ability of groups and persons to do ego determined and responsible picks, in visible radiation of their demands to turn, to research new positions and possibilities, and to gain their full potency. Within this assignment I am traveling to critically compare and measure the usage of the undermentioned theoretical accounts in the Therapeutic Recreation Service: The Leisure Ability Model and the Health Promotion/ Health Protection Model. In making so I will foremost depict the two theoretical accounts in item and so critically compare and measure them both and their usage in the curative diversion service. The Leisure Ability Model: Every human being demands, wants, and deserves leisure. Leisure presents chances to see command, learn new accomplishments, run into new people, intensify bing relationships, and develop a clearer sense of ego. Leisure provides the context in which people can larn, interact, show individuality, and self-actualize ( Kelly, 1990 ) . A big figure of persons are constrained from full and hearty leisure experiences. It so follows that many persons with disablements and/or unwellnesss may see more frequent, terrible, or enduring barriers compared with their non-disabled opposite numbers, merely due to the presence of disablement and/or unwellness. The Leisure Ability Models underlying footing stems from the constructs of: ( a ) learned helplessness vs. command or self-government ; ( B ) intrinsic motive, internal venue of control, and causal ascription ; ( degree Celsius ) pick ; and ( vitamin D ) flow.Learned Helplessness:Learned weakness is the perceptual experience by an person that events go oning in his or her life are beyond his or her personal control, and hence, the single Michigans seeking to consequence alterations or results with his or her life ( Seligman, 1975 ) . They will finally halt desiring to take part in activity or take part in any other manner. They will larn that the regulations are outside of their control and person else is in charge of puting the regulations. Their ability to take a hazard will be diminished and they will larn to be incapacitated. Learned weakness may show a psychological barrier to full leisure engagement and it may, conversely, be unlearned with the proviso of well-designed services .Intrinsic Motivation, Internal Locus of Control, and Causal Attribution:All persons are per se motivated toward behavior in which they can see competency and self-government. As such, persons seek experiences of incongruousness or challenges in which they can get the hang the state of affairs, cut down the incongruousness, and demo competency. This procedure is continual and through skill acquisition and command, produces feelings of satisfaction, competency, and control. An internal venue of control implies that the person has the orientation that he or she is responsible for the behavior and outcomes he or she produces ( Deci, 1975 ) . Typically persons with an internal venue of control take duty for their determinations and the effects of their determinations, while an person with an external venue of control will put duty, recognition, and fault on other persons. An internal venue of control is of import for the person to experience autonomous or responsible, be motivated to go on to seek challenges, and develop a sense of self-competence. hypertext transfer protocol: //dw.com.com/redir? tag=rbxira.2.a.10 & A ; destUrl=http: //www.cnet.com/b.gif Attribution implies that an single believes that he or she can impact a peculiar result ( Deci, 1975 ; Seligman, 1975 ) . An of import facet of the sense of achievement, competency, and control is the person ‘s reading of personal part to the result. Without a sense of personal causing, the likeliness of the single development learned weakness additions greatly.Choice:The Leisure Ability Model besides relies to a great extent on the construct of pick, pick implies that the person has sufficient accomplishments, cognition, and attitudes to be able to hold options from which to take, and the accomplishments and desires to do appropriate picks. Lee and Mobily ( 1988 ) stated that curative diversion services should construct accomplishments and supply participants with options for engagement.Flow:When accomplishment degree is high and activity challenge is low, the person is rather likely to be bored. When the accomplishment degree is low and the activity challenge is high, the per son is most likely to be dying. When the accomplishment degree and activity challenge are indistinguishable or about indistinguishable, the person is most able to accomplish a province of concentration and energy outgo that Csikszentmihalyi ( 1990 ) has labeled â€Å" flow. †Treatment ServicessDuring intervention services, the client by and large has less control over the purpose of the plans and is dependent on the professional judgement and counsel provided by the specializer. The client experiences less freedom of pick during intervention services than any other class of curative diversion service. The function of the specializer supplying intervention services is that of healer. Within intervention services, the client has minimal control and the healer has maximum control. The specializer typically designates the client ‘s degree and type of engagement, with well small input from the client. In order to successfully bring forth client results, the specializer must be able to measure accurately the client ‘s functional shortages ; create, design, and implement specific intercessions to better these shortages ; and measure the client outcomes achieved from intervention plans. hypertext transfer protocol: //dw.com.com/redir? tag=rbxira.2.a.10 & A ; destUrl=http: //www.cnet.com/b.gifThe ultimate result of intervention services is to extinguish, significantly better, or learn the client to accommodate to bing functional restrictions that hamper attempts to prosecute to the full in leisure chases. Often these functional shortages are to the grade that the client has trouble acquisition, developing his or her full potency, interacting with others, or being independent. The purpose of intervention services is to cut down these barriers so farther larning and engagement by the client can take topographic point.Leisure Education:Leisure instruction services focus on the client geting leisure-related attitudes, cognition, and accomplishments. Participating successfully in leisure requires a diverse scope of accomplishments and abilities, and many clients of curative diversion services do non possess these, have non been able to utilize them in their leisure clip, or need to re-learn them integrating the effects of their unwellness and/ or disablement. Leisure instruction services are provided to run into a broad scope of client demands related to prosecuting in a assortment of leisure activities and experiences. ( Howe, 1989, p. 207 ) . The overall result sought through leisure instruction services is a client who has enough cognition and accomplishments that an informed and independent pick can be made for his or her future leisure engagement. Leisure instruction agencies increased freedom of pick, increased venue of control, increased intrinsic motive, and increased independency for the client. Diversion Engagement: hypertext transfer protocol: //dw.com.com/redir? tag=rbxira.2.a.10 & A ; destUrl=http: //www.cnet.com/b.gif Diversion engagement plans are structured activities that allow the client to pattern freshly acquired accomplishments, and/or experience enjoyment and self-expression. These plans are provided to let the client greater freedom of pick within an organized bringing system and may, in fact, be portion of the person ‘s leisure life style. The client ‘s function in diversion engagement plans includes greater determination devising and increased self-regulated behavior. The client has increased freedom of pick and his or her motive is mostly intrinsic. In these plans, the specializer is by and large no longer learning or â€Å" in charge † per Se. The client becomes mostly responsible for his or her ain experience and result, with the specializer traveling to an organiser and/or supervisor function. As Stumbo and Peterson ( 1998 ) noted, diversion engagement allows the client an chance to pattern new accomplishments, experience enjoyment, and accomplish self-expression. From a clinical position, diversion engagement does much more. For case, diversion chances provide clients with reprieve from other, more backbreaking, therapy services. Leisure instruction plans may concentrate on: ( a ) self-awareness in relation to clients ‘ new position ; ( B ) larning societal accomplishments such as assertiveness, get bying, and friendly relationship devising ; ( c ) re-learning or accommodating pre-morbid leisure accomplishments ; and ( vitamin D ) placement leisure resources appropriate to new involvements and that are accessible. Diversion engagement plans may affect practising a assortment of new leisure and societal accomplishments in a safe, structured environment. In planing and implementing these plans, the specializer physiques on chances for the person to exert control, command, intrinsic motive, and pick. The ultimate result would be for each client to be able to accommodate to and get by with single disablement to the extent that he or she will see a satisfying and independent leisure life style, and be able to get the hang accomplishments to accomplish flow.Health Promotion/ Health Protection Model:The Health Protection/Health Promotion Model ( Austin, 1996, 1997 ) stipulates that the intent of curative diversion is to help individuals to retrieve following menaces to wellness, by assisting them to reconstruct themselves or recover stableness. ( wellness protection ) , and secondly, optimizing their potencies in order that they may bask every bit high a quality of wellness as possible ( wellness publicity ) . Within this theoretical account ( Austin, 1997, p. 144 ) provinces that aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"the mission of curative diversion is to utilize activity, diversion, and leisure to assist people to cover with jobs that serve as barriers to wellness and to help them to turn toward their highest degrees of wellness and health † The wellness publicity, wellness protection theoretical account is broken up into four wide constructs which are the humanistic position, high degree health, stabilization and realization and wellness. Humanist Position: Those who embrace the humanistic position believe that each of us has the duty for his or her ain wellness and the capacity for doing autonomous and wise picks sing our wellness. Since persons are responsible for their ain wellness, it is critical to authorise persons to go involved in decision-making to the fullest extent possible ( Austin, 1997 ) . High-level Health: High-level wellness trades with assisting individuals to accomplish every bit high a degree of health as they are capable of accomplishing ( Austin, 1997 ) . Curative Diversion professionals have concern for the full scope of the illness-wellness continuum ( Austin, 1997 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //dw.com.com/redir? tag=rbxira.2.a.10 & A ; destUrl=http: //www.cnet.com/b.gif Stabilization and Actualization Inclinations: The stabilizing inclination is concerned with keeping the â€Å" steady province † of the person. It is an version mechanism that helps us maintain emphasis in a manageable scope. It protects us from biophysical and psychosocial injury. The stabilizing inclination is the motivational force behind wellness protection that â€Å" focal points on attempts to travel off from or avoid negatively valence provinces of unwellness and hurt † ( Pender, 1996, p. 34 ) . The realization inclination drives us toward wellness publicity that â€Å" focal points on attempts to near or travel toward a positively valency province of high-ranking wellness and wellbeing † ( Pender, 1996, p. 34 ) . Health: King ( 1971 ) and Pender ( 1996 ) wellness encompasses both get bying adaptively and turning and going. Healthy people can get by with life ‘s stressors. Those who enjoy optimum wellness have the chance to prosecute the highest degrees of personal growing and development. Under the Health Protection/Health Promotion Model, therapists* recognize that to assist clients strive toward wellness publicity is the ultimate end of curative diversion. Further, therapists prize the right of each person to prosecute his or her highest province of wellbeing, or optimum wellness. TR pattern is hence based on a doctrine that encourages clients to try to accomplish maximal wellness, instead than merely retrieve from unwellness ( Austin, 1997 ) . The Component of Prescriptive Activities: When clients ab initio encounter unwellnesss or upsets, frequently they become self-involved. They have a inclination to retreat from their usual life activities and to see a loss of control over their lives ( Flynn, 1980 ) . Research ( e.g. , Langer & A ; Rodin, 1976 ; Seligman & A ; Maier, 1967 ) has shown that feelings of deficiency of control may convey about a sense of weakness that can finally bring forth terrible depression. At times such as this clients are meeting a important menace to their wellness and are non prepared to bask and profit from diversion or leisure. For these persons, activity is a necessary requirement to wellness Restoration. Activity is a agency for them to get down to derive control over their state of affairs and to get the better of feelings of weakness and depression that on a regular basis accompany loss of control. At this point on the continuum, Therapeutic Recreation professionals provide way and construction for prescribed activities. Once engaged in activity, clients can get down to comprehend themselves as being able to successfully interact with their environments, to get down to see feelings of success and command, and to take stairss toward recovering a sense of control. Clients come to gain that they are non inactive victims but can take action to reconstruct their wellness. They are so ready to partake in the diversion constituent of intervention. The Recreation Component: Diversion is activities that take topographic point during leisure clip ( Kraus. 1971 ) . Client demand to take portion in per se motivated diversion experiences that produce a sense of command and achievement within a supportive and nonthreatening atmosphere. Clients have fun as they learn new accomplishments, new behaviours, new ways to interact with others, new doctrines and values, and new knowledge about themselves. In short, they learn that they can be successful in their interactions with the universe. Through diversion they are able to re-create themselves, therefore battling menaces to wellness and reconstructing stableness. hypertext transfer protocol: //dw.com.com/redir? tag=rbxira.2.a.10 & A ; destUrl=http: //www.cnet.com/b.gif The Leisure Component: Whereas diversion allows people to reconstruct themselves, leisure is growing advancing. Leisure is a agency to self-actualisation because it allows people to hold self-determined chances to spread out themselves by successfully utilizing their abilities to run into challenges. Feelingss of achievement, assurance and pleasance consequence from such growing bring forthing experiences. Therefore leisure assumes an of import function in helping people to make their potencies ( Iso-Ahola, 1989 ) . Core elements in leisure seem to be that it is freely chosen and per se motivated. The Recreation and Leisure Components: Although diversion and leisure differ in that diversion is an adaptative device that allows us to reconstruct ourselves and leisure is a phenomenon that allows growing, they portion commonalties. Both diversion and leisure are free from restraint. Both involve intrinsic motive and both provide an chance for people to see a enormous sum of control in their lives. Both permit us to suspend mundane regulations and conventions in order to â€Å" be ourselves † and â€Å" allow our hair down. † Both allow us to be human with all of our imperfectnesss and infirmities. It is the undertaking of the curative diversion professional to keep an unfastened, supportive, and nonthreatening atmosphere that encourages these positive properties of diversion and leisure and which help to convey about curative benefit ( Austin, 1996 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //dw.com.com/redir? tag=rbxira.2.a.10 & A ; destUrl=http: //www.cnet.com/b.gif Harmonizing to Bandura ( 1986 ) , bolstered efficaciousness outlooks allow clients to hold assurance in themselves and in their abilities to win in the face of defeat. Thus, clients experience more and more able to be in control of their lives and to run into hardship as they move along the continuum toward higher degrees of wellness. It is the function of the TR professional to assist each client assume increasing degrees of independency as he or she moves along the illness-wellness continuum. Of class, the client with the greatest dependance on the healer will be the person who is in the poorest wellness. At this point the stabilizing inclination is paramount while the client efforts to guard off the menace to wellness and to return to his or her usual stable province. At this clip the healer engages the client in normative activities or diversion experiences in order to help the client with wellness protection. During normative activities the client ‘s control is the smalles t and the healer ‘s is the largest. During diversion there is more of a common engagement by the client and healer. With the aid of the healer, the client learns to choose, and take part in, diversion experiences that promote wellness betterment. Approximately center across the continuum, the stabilising inclination reduces and the actualising inclination begins to originate. Leisure begins to emerge as the paramount paradigm. As the realization inclination additions, the client becomes less and less dependent on the healer and more and more responsible for self-government. The function of the healer continues to decrease until the client is able to work without the assistant. At this point the client can work comparatively independently of the TR professional and there is no demand for TR service bringing ( Austin, 1997 ) .Comparison of the usage of the Leisure Ability Model to the Health Promotion/ Health Protection Model in Therapeutic Recreation Services:The function of th e curative diversion specializer, in order to change by reversal the effects of erudite weakness, is to help the person in: ( a ) increasing the sense of personal causing and internal control, ( B ) increasing intrinsic motive, ( degree Celsius ) increasing the sense of personal pick and options, and ( vitamin D ) accomplishing the province of optimum experience or â€Å" flow. † In theory, so, curative diversion is provided to impact the entire leisure behavior ( leisure life style ) of persons with disablements and/or unwellnesss through decreasing learned weakness, and increasing personal control, intrinsic motive, and personal pick. This result is accomplished through the specific proviso of intervention, leisure instruction, and diversion engagement services which teach specific accomplishments, cognitions, and abilities, and take into consideration the matching of client accomplishment and activity challenge. Another strength is the Model ‘s flexibleness. One degree of flexibleness is with the three constituents of service. Each constituent of service is selected and programmed based on client demand. That is, some clients will necessitate intervention and leisure instruction services, without diversion engagement. Other clients will necessitate merely leisure instruction and diversion engagement services. Clearly, services are selected based on client demand. In add-on, plans conceptualized within each service constituent are selected based on client demand. flexibleness allow the specializer to custom design plans to suit the demands of every and any client group served by curative diversion. The ultimate end of leisure life style remains the same for every client, but since it is based on the person, how the life style will be implemented by the person and what it contains may differ. As such, the content of the Leisure Ability Model is non specific to any one population or client group, nor is it confined to any specific service or bringing scene. Some writers, including Kinney and Shank ( 1989 ) , have reported this as a strength of the Model. Harmonizing to the theoretical account, intercession may happen in a broad scope of scenes and references persons with â€Å" physical, mental, societal, or emotional restrictions † ( Peterson & A ; Gunn, p. 4 ) . The intercession theoretical account is conceptually divided into three stages along a continuum of client operation and restrictiveness. The three stages of curative diversion intercession are arranged in a sequence, from greater healer control to lesser healer control, and from lesser client independency to greater client independency. This agreement is purposeful and is meant to convey that the ultimate purpose of the â€Å" appropriate leisure life style † is that it be engaged in independently and freely. Drumhead The Health Protection/Health Promotion Model contains three major constituents ( i.e. , prescribed activities, diversion, and leisure ) that range along an illness-wellness continuum. Harmonizing to their demands, clients may come in anyplace along the continuum. The theoretical account emphasizes the active function of the client who becomes less and less reliant on the TR professional as he or she moves toward higher degrees of wellness. Initially, way and construction are provided through normative activities to assist trip the client. During diversion, the client and healer articulation together in a common attempt to reconstruct normal operation. During leisure, the client assumes primary duty for his or her ain wellness and wellbeing.Evaluation of both theoretical accounts and there usage in curative diversion services:The overall intended result of curative diversion services, as defined by the Leisure Ability Model, is a satisfying, independent, and freely chosen leisure life style. In order to ease these perceptual experiences, curative diversion specializers must be able to plan, implement, and measure a assortment of activities that increase the individual ‘s single competency and sense of control. In relation to leisure behavior, Peterson ( 1989 ) felt that this includes bettering functional abilities, bettering leisure-related attitudes, accomplishments, cognition, and abilities, and voluntarily prosecuting in autonomous leisure behavior. Therefore, the three service countries of intervention, leisure instruction, and diversion engagement are designed to learn specific accomplishments to better personal competency and a sense of achievement. Csikszentmihalyi ( 1990 ) summed up the importance of these perceptual experiences: â€Å" In the long tally optimum experiences add up to a sense of mastery-or possibly better, a sense of engagement in finding the content of life-that comes every bit close to what is normally meant by felicity as anything else w e can conceivably conceive of † ( p. 4 ) . The curative diversion specializer must be able to adequately assess clients ‘ accomplishment degree ( through client appraisal ) and activity demands ( through activity analysis ) in order for the two to come close one another. Given Deci ‘s ( 1975 ) theory of intrinsic motive which includes the construct of incongruousness, curative diversion specializers may supply activities somewhat above the skill degree of clients in order to increase the sense of command. When this lucifer between the activity demands and client accomplishment degrees occurs, clients are most able to larn and see a higher quality leisure. To ease this, curative diversion specializers become responsible for groking and integrating the: ( a ) theoretical bases ( including but non limited to internal venue of control, intrinsic motive, personal causing, freedom of pick, and flow ) ; ( B ) typical client features, including demands and shortages ; ( degree Celsius ) facets of quality curative diversio n plan bringing procedure ( e.g. , client appraisal, activity analysis, outcome rating, etc. ) ; and ( vitamin D ) curative diversion content ( intervention, leisure instruction, and diversion engagement ) . These countries of understanding are of import for the curative diversion specializer to be able to plan a series of coherent, organized plans that meet client demands and travel the client farther toward an independent and satisfactory leisure life style. Again, the success of that life style is dependent on the client deriving a sense of control and pick over leisure options, and holding an orientation toward intrinsic motive, an internal venue of control, and a personal sense of causality. The Leisure Ability Model provides specific content that can be addressed with clients in order to ease their development, care, and look of a successful leisure life style. Each facet of this content applies to the hereafter success, independency, and wellbeing of clients in respect to their leisure. hypertext transfer protocol: //dw.com.com/redir? tag=rbxira.2.a.10 & A ; destUrl=http: //www.cnet.com/b.gif The client has reduced major functional restrictions that prohibit or significantly limit leisure engagement ( or at least has learned ways to get the better of these barriers ) ; understands and values the importance of leisure in the entirety of life experiences ; has adequate societal accomplishments for engagement with others ; is able to take between several leisure activity options on a day-to-day footing, and do determinations for leisure engagement ; is able to turn up and utilize leisure resources as necessary ; and has increased perceptual experiences of pick, motive, freedom, duty, causality, and independency with respect to his or her leisure. These results are targeted through the designation of client demands, the proviso of plans to run into those demands, and the rating of results during and after plan bringing. A curative diversion specializer designs, implements, and evaluates services aimed at these results Austin ( 1989 ) objected to the Leisure Ability Model on the footing that is back uping a leisure behavior orientation, alternatively of the therapy orientation. â€Å" A figure of writers have objected to the Leisure Ability Model, holding observed that its across-the-board attack is excessively wide and lacks the focal point needed to direct a profession † ( Austin, p. 147 ) . Austin advocated an alliance of curative diversion with allied wellness and medical scientific discipline subjects, instead than leisure and diversion professionals The Model in Practice The Health Protection/Health Promotion Model may be applied in any scene ( i.e. , clinical or community ) in which the end of curative diversion is holistic wellness and wellbeing. Thus, anyone who wishes to better his or her degree of wellness can go a TR client. TR professionals view all clients as holding abilities and integral strengths, every bit good as possessing intrinsic worth and the possible for alteration. Through purposeful intercession utilizing the TR procedure ( i.e. , appraisal, planning, execution, rating ) , curative results emphasize enhanced client operation. Typical curative results include increasing personal consciousness, bettering societal accomplishments, heightening leisure abilities, diminishing emphasis, bettering physical operation, and developing feelings of positive self-regard, self-efficacy and perceived control ( Austin, 1996 ) .

Comprises the spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features Essay

It comprises the spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of a society and includes, in addition to the arts and letters, the value systems, traditions, modes of life and beliefs of the society. It also absorbs from other cultures and undergoes changes with time, sometimes beneficial, sometimes regressive. When the word â€Å"culture† is mentioned, we can think of many things as â€Å"cultural†, such as language, clothings†¦ etc, because we classify cultures of different places. However, culture is so valuable that it has to be kept for thousands of years,and passed on by one generation to another. Culture is so important that it is more than its distinct visible features, if we extends this to the inner self of a person, to members within a society, further to the whole community, maybe we can find some answers by finding out how they are affected by culture. Culture represents a whole community, to investigate how culture changes one’s inner values, we have to define some common beliefs, just like clothing that has some features that help distinguish its cultural background. People having the same cultural background, in general, are likely to behave in a similar way, because their education and religion background have also cultural elements. It is true that personalities are different for everyone, but culture can affect people to a certain degree because it provides an environment from which they obtain their values, especially for children at young age. For example, chinese are generally considered to be more respectful but the westerners are more open-minded and outspoken, their education style has played an important role, because in Chinese culture children have to learn to be composed and be polite and there is a border line between teachers and students, whereas in western they tend to be active to be appreciated by the teachers. Therefore people from different cultural backgrounds will have a diversity of ways expressing the same intention. Culture is important because it has some values that are automatically fill in a person’s mind through an environment, which changes one’s deeds. Culture also plays an important role to the interactions between members within a community. When the same culture can cause similarities of values, this can bond people with the same culture together because they will feel comfortable and easier because it confirms their values. On the other hand, they may find other cultures odd if they neglect cultural difference. Culture can pull a person closer, or further away to the majority, therefore culture is very important to the communication network in a society as well, maining the relationship among people. Since culture can form invisible bonds between members in the community, this can hold people with the same cultural background together, passing on the values. This propogation of values is can not only transmit culture knowledge and retain the relationship among people, it also builds up a long term tradition after years and years. Culture is strengthened in this way because it can give background and reference to its later generations of its ability of keeping the long-term tradition, gaining the sense of belonging of people to the country of that culture. It is important in terms of the development of a community as a whole, as it forms cultural groups together which help passing culture on from one generation to the next one, maintaining the existence of some traditional values. Culture contains elements that affect one’s inner values other than just external characteristics, which those values play an important role in his whole life. The communications between people are also based on culture to some extent and this forms cultural groups, passing cultural knowledge on, building up a cultural status to a country for years which people with the same cultural background will find them belonging.

Health Foods on Campus

Introduction According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), â€Å"more than one-third of U. S. adults (35. 7%) are obese. Approximately 17% of children and adolescents ages 2-19 years are obese. † The state of Iowa ranks above the national average at 28. 4%, leaving the responsibility of changing this epidemic to local communities. According to the Mayo Clinic Women’s HealthSource August 2010 issue, â€Å"the soda demand is so great there is enough to supply [everyone] with more than 52 gallons of soda a year. The rate of soda and junk food consumption has greatly increased throughout the United States; the Iowa State Campus is not an exception. Purpose and Scope As students as Iowa State, we are best fit to research how to change the lifestyles of our peers. In order to decrease the obesity epidemic, we are proposing to assist in changing someone’s routine diet by replacing the vending machine snack options. The existing vending machines have little variety or choice of healthy foods. Furthermore, most beverage-centered vending machines only have water as a choice as a healthy alternative.Giving students the selection of healthy foods will not only lower their risk of obesity during their stay at Iowa State, but it will provide students with the tools to make healthy choices about food once they are away from ISU. Methods Our analysis will be derived from three levels; macro-level, meso-level, and micro-level. These different depths of scope will provide us with the most well rounded view of the obesity epidemic, as well as which methods of fixing the problem proves to be most effective.Macro-level analysis will stem from a complete description of the United State’s relationship with obesity, food consumption, and activity levels. From there, research specifically relating to the ISU community will be acquired through sample surveys and an interview with ISU’s Peggy Martin, Director of Expanded Food and Nu trition Education Program. The first step would be to poll 150 students or more regarding how they want the university to overcome obesity. If our hypothesis reigns true, we will determine that replacing vending machine snacks with healthier ones will be the most efficient method.The focus audience will be Mayor Ann Campbell, since she has the power to pass this proposal on to the city council or discard it. If she passes it on, the primary audience will be the city council members, since they are the ones who voice their opinions and affect the final vote of the citizens of Ames, who are the secondary audience. Other concerned audiences include the citizens of nearby cities or people who visit Ames, as well as any other communities considering a similar proposal. Risks of Junk Food and Soda ConsumptionJunk food is described as any food that contains little or no nutritional value. Outside of the lack of nutritional value junk food has many negative effects as well. Studies show lin ks to obesity, type II diabetes, high blood pressure and stroke. The United States is one of the unhealthiest nations in the world, consuming more fast food than any other nation per capita. The rise of childhood obesity is on the brink of being an epidemic, showing that the United States’ own culture has come to include junk food.Many people get their eating habits from their families growing up, even those who eat healthy as a children now are at risk for developing unhealthy habits when they move away to college, given that for the first time they are forced to make food-related decisions on their own, with little to no education on health. Students may also feel that they are too busy to plan out healthy meals; looking for quick and easy meals found at many convenient locations on campus. Students turn to soda for the caffeine for energy and fast food for sustenance.The lack of available healthy options and the accessibility of junk food on and around campus is a major ca use for concern. Obesity and Diabetes Obesity is defined as a body mass index greater or equal to 30 (CDC). In 2009-2010 35. 7% of U. S. adults were classified as obese that is 78 million people. These numbers are a dramatic increase from over a few decades ago. Obesity is a life threatening condition that has many negative side effects. Hypertension, adverse lipid concentrations and type two diabetes are some of the major problematic conditions that come with being obese.The state of Iowa has one of the largest populations of obese people in the nation (Table 1. 1). Table 1. 1 As one can see, obesity is a major concern in the United States. This is due to the U. S. ’s unhealthy obsession with junk food and soda. Poor diet often leads to obesity in children and adults. Along with obesity, poor diet also can lead to type II diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that leads to high levels of glucose in the blood stream. Diabetes can lead to all sorts of problems to name a f ew kidney disease, blindness, amputations and death (CDC).Over 25 million people are suffering from diabetes in the U. S. There is much to be concerned about with obesity and diabetes being so widespread. The main cause of this is unhealthy diet. A large portion of the average American’s unhealthy diet is soda pop. Even diet soda has negative health effects. Dangers of Soda Pop Soda pop is an American staple. It goes great with other American classics such as hotdogs and hamburgers. Unfortunately children are drinking it in excess and developing bad habits that will follow them for the rest of their lives.In fact studies show that 16% of the average American’s caloric intake in a day comes from sugary beverages (WebMD). Heavy soda consumption can lead to rapid weight gain and studies also show connections to osteoporosis and certain types of cancers. But regardless of the negative effects and the doctors warnings people continue to buy and drink soda more than ever. Co ca-Cola reported record numbers in the past few years. Soda is a part of people’s daily routines. Many people do not think twice about grabbing a soft-drink when thirsty or in need of some energy.College students drink enormous quantities of soda, they use it as study aids because of the caffeine content or grab one because they are thirsty. In many cases it is the easiest option. Vending machines located throughout campus in every corner of every building. But other than the obvious health effects mentioned above, in which soda is a leading cause of, what other negatives are happening to college students due to soda and other unhealthy dietary habits? Student Performance and Unhealthy Diet Students are busy creatures.They have a lot on their plate with school work and those who hold jobs as well can feel downright overwhelmed. What do these students do to survive the hectic lifestyle they lead? The answer is fast food, junk food and soda pop, and anything quick and easy to g rab on the go. There is no shortage of these options on and around college campuses across the U. S. and at Iowa State. The quicker and easier the food the worse it usually is for you. Most students do not take that into consideration, they are young and in good health.The fact is even if these bad habits do not catch up with you right away, there are plenty of dangers waiting around the corner in the future. Most students are probably not aware of the effects that their diet is having on them now. Poor diet not only leads to life threatening diseases but can have a number of psychological effects on a person. Depression can form from unhealthy diets, as students feel bad about their bodies and even chemical reactions from sugars and other ingredients in junk food can lead to depression like states.Studies have also been conducted in the past regarding the effects of junk food and soda on memory and links have been made that show a person who regularly eats fast food and drinks soda has lower memory and comprehension. A health student is a happy student is a successful student. Benefits of Healthy Snacks The term â€Å"snack† has gained a definition similar to â€Å"junk food† over recent years. According to Nutrition. com’s Snack Attacks article, the idea that snacks are fattening is a myth, as well as the idea that snacking is the same as eating junk food. The article states that by eating snacks during a ong stretch of time between meals will eliminate any overeating during a meal, as long as these snacks are healthy alternatives. Since blood sugar drops three to five hours after a meal, occasional snacks boosts metabolism, according to Everyday Health’s article Healthy Snacking Benefits. Being hungry puts one’s body into starvation mode and will slow down metabolic processes, which causes the body to store fat. The article Healthy Snacking Benefits also discusses this when explaining that snacks high in nutrients, fiber, and protein, and not so high in fat will kickstart the body’s metabolism and can curb cravings.Snacking should also be thought of as fuel, and constant replenishment of this fuel prevents one from becoming overly tired and â€Å"unable to concentrate. † (Healthy Snacking Benefits) Healthy snacks give the body an extra energy boost and keeps a person more mentally alert and focused. Nurition. com discusses a similar topic and explains that the idea that â€Å"snacks spoil your appetite for meals† (Snack Attacks) is a myth. In fact, snacking two or three hours before a full meal may simply restrict the body from becoming extremely hungry and causing one to overeat.However, fattening snacks such as potato chips, chocolates, sweets, etc. will increase overall caloric intake if not considered into daily intake as a whole. Healthy snacks do not typically cause these problems. Growing children, athletes, teenagers, and adults all have varying needs when it comes to die tary needs. All athletes needs more energy than the average person, therefore allowing them to need energy â€Å"in the form of carbohydrates, whereas teenagers need higher energy snacks and nutrients for their continually growing bodies, and while adults need to only maintain their health should eat more frequent, smaller snacks. Snack Attacks) Fruits, low-fat dairy products, grains, and vegetables are snacks that may boost energy and â€Å"battle fatigue,† as well as â€Å"protein-laden food like fish, meat, eggs, cheese, and tofu† because these contain amino acids which increase concentration. (Healthy Snacking Benefits) According to abc. com, raisins, soy products, walnuts, avocado, and high-fiber foods are the top 5 heart-healthy snacks. â€Å"[At the American College of Cardiology’s annual meeting], researchers presented results of separate studies that evaluated the effects of raisins and soy on blood pressure. The studies found that oth foods lowered b lood pressure when consumed regularly. † (Top 5 Heart-Healthy Snacks) The researchers believe that the potassium intake from the raisins cause the decrease, while genistein, found in soy products increased dilation of the blood vessels, which led to a decrease in blood pressure. Walnuts contain â€Å"healthier monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats† and these reduced low density lipids and increase high density lipids. They also have high levels of omega-3 fatty acids and walnuts have twice as many antioxidants as any other nut. Avocados are packed full with vitamins, fiber, and potassium – 60% more than bananas.Any high fiber foods help to â€Å"cleanse the digestive tract of potentially dangerous fats. † These foods may include oats, beans, fruits, vegetables, and grains. (Top 5 Heart-Healthy Snacks) Healthy snacks such as these have been studied and found to reduce many types of diseases and disorders. Joint diseases, ADHD, schizophrenia, and many oth er diseases may be prevented through snacking on these healthy foods. (Healthy Snacking Benefits) Health and the Iowa State Community Our entire report and analysis has been conducted under the assumption that Iowa State University is a community afflicted by the pains of obesity and unhealthy eating.To insure that combatting obesity would be both well received and relevant to Iowa State students and community, our team distributed a 7-question survey, prompting students to give us their true feelings on obesity’s affect on the community, what solutions they would find most effective, and if our goal of changing the vending machine products would cause any negative response. The short survey provides our group with much needed approval and validation from the community. If we had come to find that students would reject the proposed plan of action, steps could be made to resolve the issue and stay on course.More so, if students had found obesity to be an irrelevant issue, our group would be hard-pressed to find funds for a problem that wasn’t seen to exist. Luckily, obesity is not out of the field of vision for the Iowa State community. When asked, â€Å"How much do you agree with the following statement, â€Å"Obesity is the biggest problem in the Iowa State University community†? 68% of respondents answered that they at least somewhat agreed (Table 2. 1). Table 2. 1 Without this approval from the community, efforts to change obesity trends would be wasted.However, provided this overwhelming concern, it is now inherent that we offer the community a solid plan of action, that will produce real results, with little concern over life changes. One vital factor in our quest to make the ISU community healthier is the maintenance of one’s usual daily life. Abrupt changes can often bring depression and fear, and with a task as grand and as fragile as weight loss and health, we must tread lightly. Choosing a medium from which we would provi de healthier food options is a difficult task, and so we must account for accessibility, frequency of use, and potential for change.Iowa State University has made grand changes to it’s on-campus dining centers, but what about members of the community who do not have dining plans? Where do they buy the quickest, and often the most unhealthy, snacks? Vending machines. When over 150 students were asked, â€Å"How often do you purchase food items from vending machines located on campus? † The overwhelming majority responded that they only purchased snacks from the vending machines on campus a few times a month or year (Table 2. 2). Table 2. 2Although targeting vending machines may not initially reach the greatest population of students or community members, changing the contents of the vending machines will prove to be worthwhile. When survey participants were told of the proposed method of changing obesity trends at ISU by replacing current vending machine items with heal thier options, potential vending machine use increased (Table 2. 3). Table 2. 3 Clearly, Iowa State community members approve of the proposed method, not only as beneficial for the community as a whole, but our solution remains as one that everyone would take part in; overweight or not.Approval from the community is especially important, however it does not prove to be an authoritative reason for replacing the current vending machine items. To acquire the approval of funds from the GSB and Ames community, it is imperative that an expert weighs in on how to best alleviate the impact of obesity at Iowa State University. In an interview with ISU’s Director of Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program, and author of â€Å"Eat Simpler, Healthier with New Healthy & Homemade† cookbook, Peggy Martin states that, â€Å"making healthy choices takes planning. Within a world of homework, projects, exams, and extracurricular activities, what ISU student has time to plan? Repla cing unhealthy snack option in the vending machines on ISU campus will cut the hassle of planning out each meal. ISU community members will no longer leave their apartments worrying about finding healthy food because it will be more accessible, available in each building, wherever a vending machine is located. Registered dietician Martin also provided our team with concrete example of healthy foods that can be sold in vending machines.Implementing our solution as soon as possible is key, as Martin says, â€Å"eliminating temptation in today’s sugar-ridden environment will prove difficult, but worthwhile. † Meso-level analysis of ISU community members through survey, and micro-level analysis of individual nutrition through interviewing Peggy Martin provides our team with necessary information needed to be successful on Iowa State campus. With the revamping of vending machine products ISU community members will be more likely to purchase vending machine snacks; increasin g profit, health, and awareness.Conclusions and Recommendations 1. Implementation of vending machines One solution to the obesity problem that ISU students face on campus is to change and regulate the university’s vending machines. The existing vending machines in use have little to no variety or choice of healthy foods. Most beverage type vending machines only have water as a choice as a healthy alternative. With giving students the selection of health foods, it will lower their risk of obesity during their stay at Iowa State.According to an article by the journal of adolescent health â€Å"contents of school vending machines relate to diets either positively or negatively, depending on what is sold in them. Therefore, it is important that schools address the quality of food sold in vending machines in their wellness policies† (Rovner 18). This means that the healthier foods in vending machines relate positively to diets and junk food relates negatively. By putting in only the vending machines with healthy food on our campus we will see a positive correlation with the students’ diets. . Variety of foods to see what sells best Before replacing over 100 vending machines on campus we want to make sure the products are going to make revenues for the college. We can test out different types of products that will be available by replacing current vending machines in popular locations like the C-Stores and providing samples of the alternative products. By doing this we can get an idea of what is popular among the students. After we find out what products sell best, we can put them into our vending machines. 3. Wellness programsBecause of the tax on the junk foods, we will be able to create other wellness programs to help students having obesity or health related issues. Some programs may consist of having a free health screenings to show the negatives of unhealthy eating and giving recommendations on new healthy lifestyles. We can give health ti ps and guides for people who want to change their eating habits. These programs will mainly be funded by taxing the junk foods that are sold on campus. 4. Cost of healthy foods subsidized by taxing junk food Healthy food is not relatively expensive, but some foods have a short shelf life.The costs of replenishing these items in the vending machines are going to be slightly high because of human capital cost, having someone go and replace the vending machines routinely, and waste cost because of the foods’ expiration date. There are those processed healthy foods that cost more than normal ones because of the process to keep the nutrients in them cost more. To subsidize these costs, we can put an extra charge or tax on to the existing junk foods. It is not economical for Iowa State to get rid of all junk food that people do want; by giving it a tax we can level the cost of buy and replacing the healthy ones.This will give students an incentive to choose the healthy foods becaus e of the cheaper cost and may change the students eating habits. References â€Å"Healthy Snacking Benefits. † EverydayHealth. com. Web. 18 Apr. 2012. . â€Å"Nutrition. com. sg – Healthy Eating – Snack Attacks. † Object Moved. Web. 18 Apr. 2012. . CAROLLO, KIM. â€Å"Top 5 Heart-Healthy Snacks. † ABC News. ABC News Network, 26 Mar. 2012. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. lt;http://abcnews. go. com/Health/top-heart-healthy-snacks/story? id=15996098>. â€Å"2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet. † Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 23 May 2011. Web. 25 Apr. 2012. . Boyles, Salynn. â€Å"Sodas and Your Health: Risks Debated. † WebMD. WebMD, 09 Mar. 2011. Web. 25 Apr. 2012. . Ogden, Cynthia L. , Margaret D. Carroll, Brian K. Kit, and Katherine M. Flegal. â€Å"Prevalence of Obesity in the United States. † Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Jan. 2 012. Web. 25 Apr. 2012. . Pelch, Anna. â€Å"The Health Effects of Soda Consumption. † Home. St. Joseph's Academy. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. ;http://scijourner. org/;. Rovner, Alisha J. , Tonja R. Nansel, Jing Wang, and Ronald J. Iannotti. â€Å"Food Sold in School Vending Machines Is Associated With Overall Student Dietary Intake. † Journal of Adolescent Health 48. 1 (2011): 13-19. Science Direct. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. Interview with Peggy Martin Survey (Appendix) Appendix I Survey: The Iowa State Community and HealthParticipant, Thank you for choosing to participate in this short survey. With your help, you can aid our efforts to convert Iowa State University campus to one that promotes healthy food choices. All information obtained is anonymous and will only be used for an English 302 class project. All survey questions are optional and you may stop your completion of the survey at any time. Thank you for your contribution! How much do you agree with the following statement, â€Å"Obesity greatly affects the population of the United States†? A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E.Strongly Disagree How much do you agree with the following statement, â€Å"Obesity is a problem in the Iowa State University community†? A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree How often do you purchase food items from vending machines located on campus? A. More than 3 times a week B. Once or twice a week C. A few times a month D. A few times a year E. Never How much do you agree with the following statement, â€Å"The items currently available for purchase on the ISU campus do not reflect the purchases I would prefer to make†? A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C.Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree If the vending machines on ISU campus had healthier options you would be: A. More likely to purchase items from the vending machines B. Equally as likely to purchase items from the vending machines C. Less likely to purc hase items from the vending machines D. I do not use the vending machines on ISU campus How much do you agree with following statement, â€Å"Iowa State University is responsible for providing the community with healthier food options on campus†? A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree E. Strongly Disagree